This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Dahlquist, L. M. Articles by Sulc, W. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Dahlquist, L. M. Articles by Sulc, W. Pubmed/NCBI databases Medline Plus Health Information Pain Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Distraction for Children of Different Ages Who Undergo Repeated Needle Sticks

Suzanne M. Busby, MA

Keith J. Slifer, PhD

Cindy L. Tucker, PhD

Stephanie Eischen, MA

Lisa Hilley, MA

Wendy Sulc, MA

A distraction intervention for pain management and behavioral distress was implemented for six children with chronic illnesses and their parents as the children underwent repeated needle sticks. The children ranged in age from two to eight years. Several different cognitive distractors were used for the children based on their respective developmental levels. The needle stick procedures during which treatment was implemented included intramuscular injections, implanted port accesses, and intravenous placements. Nine sessions of distraction were provided in which a therapist taught parents to coach their children to use distraction techniques. Dependent measures included the child's behavioral dis tress and heart rate, parent ratings of the child's fear before the procedure, parent self-ratings of feeling upset during the procedure, and nurse ratings of the child's cooperation. Reductions in child behavioral distress during the distraction treatment program were observed in five out of the six cases. Concomitant improvements in parental reports of child distress, nurse estimates of child cooperation, and parents' self-report of feeling upset during the medical proce dures also were found. Follow-up data were available for one of the successfully treated children. His improvements were maintained for both intramuscular injections and portacatheter accesses over 16 weeks without therapist involvement.

Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, Vol. 19, No. 1, 22-34 (2002)
DOI: 10.1053/jpon.2002.30009


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. M. Dahlquist, K. E. Weiss, L. Dillinger Clendaniel, E. F. Law, C. S. Ackerman, and K. D. McKenna Effects of Videogame Distraction using a Virtual Reality Type Head-Mounted Display Helmet on Cold Pressor Pain in Children J. Pediatr. Psychol., June 1, 2009; 34(5): 574 - 584. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. I. Rheingans A Systematic Review of Nonpharmacologic Adjunctive Therapies for Symptom Management in Children With Cancer Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, March 1, 2007; 24(2): 81 - 94. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. Windich-Biermeier, I. Sjoberg, J. C. Dale, D. Eshelman, and C. E. Guzzetta Effects of Distraction on Pain, Fear, and Distress During Venous Port Access and Venipuncture in Children and Adolescents With Cancer Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, January 1, 2007; 24(1): 8 - 19. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. Costello, M. Ramundo, N. C. Christopher, and K. R. Powell Ethyl Vinyl Chloride Vapocoolant Spray Fails to Decrease Pain Associated with Intravenous Cannulation in Children Clinical Pediatrics, September 1, 2006; 45(7): 628 - 632. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. Madhok and M. Teele Evaluation of Nonpharmacologic Methods of Pain and Anxiety Management for Laceration Repair in the Pediatric Emergency Department Pediatrics, September 1, 2006; 118(3): 1321 - 1321. [Full Text] [PDF]